|
Movements
|
Timing
|
Source |
The technology of real-time ultrasonography
can be used to detect movements such as breathing,
cardiac contractions, and pulsations of the vessels.
|
Before birth |
Williams, p 1023 |
| All fetal movements ever observed
by the author are similar to those seen after birth
and are easily recognizable to persons familiar
with movements made by preterm and full-term infants.
The pattern of yawns and stretches seen in the first
trimester remains the same throughout life. |
Before birth |
Nijhuis/Prechtl, p 65 & p 66 |
| Fetal movement patterns are coordinated
from the start and are similar to those after birth. |
Before birth |
de Vries (1985), p 100 |
| Heart activity can be measured with
transvaginal ultrasonic scanning. |
4th week after fertilization |
Williams, p 1027 |
| Spontaneous movements, such as twitching
of the trunk and limbs, have been reported. |
6th week after fertilization |
Moore, p 94 |
| The earliest reflexes begin. |
Day 42 after conception |
Rugh, p 47 |
| The fetus normally moves spontaneously. |
6th - 8th weeks after conception |
de Vries (1982), p 318 |
| Neck and trunk muscles start contracting
spontaneously. |
7th week after fertilization |
England, p 206 |
| Purposeful limb movements first occur. |
8th week after fertilization |
Moore, p 97 |
| Limb movements first occur during
the 8th week. By the 14th week, they become coordinated. |
8th - 14th weeks after fertilization |
Moore, p 112 |
|
If the fetus is removed from the uterus, spontaneous
movements may be observed.
|
8th week after fertilization
|
Williams, p 169
|
| The most common movement patterns
have emerged. |
10th week after conception |
de Vries (1988), p 87 |
| If the region near the mouth is stimulated,
the fetus will open its mouth and a suck finger. |
11th week after fertilization |
England, p 206 |
| Reflex activity can be evoked in aborted
fetuses, indicating muscular activity. |
End of 3rd month after fertilization |
Sadler, p 114 |
| Movements begin, but are usually not
felt by the mother. |
12th week after fertilization |
Sadler, p 116 |
| The fetus responds to stimulation
of the skin. |
12th week after fertilization |
England, p 206 |
| Stroking the lips causes the fetus
to suck and stroking the eyelids results in a reflex
response. |
End of 12th week after fertilization |
Moore, 4th edition, p 91 |
| Slow eye movements occur. |
14th week after fertilization |
Moore, p 112 |
| The first day that movement is noticed
by the pregnant woman is called "quickening". |
14th - 18th weeks after fertilization |
Williams, p 23 |
| In a study of 10 fetuses, the majority
of movements occurred more frequently in the afternoon
and evening than in the morning. |
20th - 22nd weeks after conception |
de Vries (1987), p 337 |
| Signs of life (i.e.quickening) are
felt by the mother. |
18th week after fertilization |
Moore, p 109 |
| Movement is usually recognized by
the mother. |
During the 5th month after fertilization |
Sadler, p 114 |
| Rapid eye movements begin. |
21st week after fertilization |
Moore, p 114 |
